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16.  Two-dimensional magnetophonon resonance in GaInAs-InP and GaInAs-AlInAs heterojunctions and superlattices
J.C. Portal, G. Gregoris a b , M.A. Brummell , R.J. Nicholas, M. Razeghi, M.A. Di Forte-Poisson, K.Y. Cheng, A.Y. Cho
J.C. Portal, G. Gregoris, M.A. Brummell, R.J. Nicholas, M. Razeghi, M.A. Di Forte-Poisson, K.Y. Cheng, A.Y. Cho, Two-dimensional magnetophonon resonance in GaInAs-InP and GaInAs-AlInAs heterojunctions and superlattices, Surface Science, Volume 142, Issues 1–3, 1984, Pages 368-374,-- July 1, 1984 ...[Visit Journal]
We report the observation of magnetophonon resonance in GaInAs-InP heterojunctions and measurements of the temperature dependence of the oscillations. A single series of oscillations due to scattering by the “GaAs-like” mode of GaInAs is seen, in contrast to GaInAs-InP superlattices, where scattering from InP phonons is also observed, and GaInAs-AlInAs heterojunctions, where coupling to “InAs-like” modes only is seen. This behaviour is discussed in terms of long-range phonon interactions and interface phonons. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Elimination of surface leakage in gate controlled Type-II InAs/GaSb mid-infrared photodetectors
G. Chen, B.-M. Nguyen, A.M. Hoang, E.K. Huang, S.R. Darvish, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, No. 18, p. 183503-1-- October 31, 2011 ...[Visit Journal]
The electrical performance of mid-infrared type-II superlattice M-barrier photodetectors is shown to be limited by surface leakage. By applying gate bias on the mesa sidewall surface, leakage current is significantly reduced. Qualitatively IV modeling shows diffusion-dominated behavior of dark current at temperatures greater than 120 K. At 110 K, the dark current of gated device is reduced by more than 2 orders of magnitude, reaching the measurement system noise floor. With a quantum efficiency of 48% in front side illumination configuration, a 4.7μm cut-off gated device attains a specific detectivity of 2.5 × 1014 cm·Hz½·W-1 at 110 K, which is 3.6 times higher than in ungated devices. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Comparison of Gain and Threshold Current Density for InGaAsP/GaAs λ = 808 nm) Lasers with Different Quantum-Well Thickness
H.J. Yi, J. Diaz, I. Eliashevich, G. Lukas, S. Kim, D. Wu, M. Erdtmann, C. Jelen, S. Slivken, L.J. Wang, and M. Razeghi
Journal of Applied Physics 79 (11)-- July 1, 1996 ...[Visit Journal]
We investigated the quantum‐size effects of quantum well (QW) on gain and threshold current density for InGaAsP/GaAs (λ=808 nm) laser diodes. In this work, a comparison is made of lasers with different QW thickness while keeping the optical confinement factors constant. We found that the threshold current density and differential efficiency were not affected by narrowing the QW thickness. The theoretical model taking into account the mixing of the valence bands and momentum relaxation for InGaAsP/GaAs lasers with spontaneous emission (optically pumped) measurement shows that the absence of difference between these structures can be attributed to the high relaxation rate. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Angled cavity broad area quantum cascade lasers
Y. Bai, S. Slivken, Q.Y. Lu, N. Bandyopadhyay, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 100, Np. 8, p. 081106-1-- August 20, 2012 ...[Visit Journal]
Angled cavity broad area quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are investigated with surface gratingbased distributed feedback (DFB) mechanisms. It is found that an angled cavity incorporating a one dimensional DFB with grating lines parallel to the laser facet offers the simplest solution for single mode and diffraction limited emission in the facet normal direction. A room temperature single mode QCL with the highest output power for wavelengths longer than 10 micron is demonstrated. This structure could be applied to a wide range of laser structures for power scaling along with spectral and spatial beam control. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Extended short wavelength infrared heterojunction phototransistors based on type II superlattices
Arash Dehzangi , Ryan McClintock, Donghai Wu , Abbas Haddadi, Romain Chevallier , and Manijeh Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 114, 191109-- May 17, 2019 ...[Visit Journal]
A two terminal extended short wavelength infrared heterojunction phototransistor based on type-II InAs/AlSb/GaSb on a GaSb substrate is designed, fabricated, and investigated. With the base thickness of 40 nm, the device exhibited a 100% cut-off wavelength of 2.3 λ at 300 K. The saturated peak responsivity value is 320.5 A/W at 300 K, under front-side illumination without any antireflection coating. A saturated optical gain of 245 at 300K was measured. At the same temperature, the device exhibited a collector dark current density (at unity optical gain) and a DC current gain of 7.8 X 103 A/cm² and 1100, respectively. The device exhibited a saturated dark current shot noise limited specific detectivity of 4.9 X 1011 cm·Hz½/W at 300 K which remains constant over a broad range of wavelengths and applied biases. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Growth and characterization of InSbBi for long wavelength infrared photodetectors
J.J. Lee, J.D. Kim, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 70 (24)-- June 16, 1997 ...[Visit Journal]
The epitaxial growth of InSbBi ternary alloys by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is reported on. X-ray diffraction spectra showed well resolved peaks of InSbBi and InSb films. Bi incorporation was confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Photoresponse spectrum up to 9.3 μm which corresponds to 0.13 eV energy band gap has been measured in a sample with Bi composition of 5.8 at.% at 77 K. Electron mobility at room temperature ranges from 44 100 to 4910 cm²/V·s as Bi composition increases. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Bias-selectable three-color short-, extended-short-, and mid-wavelength infrared photodetectors based on type-II InAs/GaSb/AlSb superlattices
Abbas Haddadi, and Manijeh Razeghi
Optics Letters Vol. 42, Iss. 21, pp. 4275-4278-- October 16, 2017 ...[Visit Journal]
A bias-selectable, high operating temperature, three-color short-, extended-short-, and mid-wavelength infrared photodetector based on InAs/GaSb/AlSb type-II superlattices on GaSb substrate has been demonstrated. The short-, extended-short-, and mid-wavelength channels’ 50% cutoff wavelengths were 2.3, 2.9, and 4.4μm, respectively, at 150K. The mid-wavelength channel exhibited a saturated quantum efficiency of 34% at 4μm under +200 mV bias voltage in a front-side illumination configuration and without any antireflection coating. At 200mV, the device exhibited a dark current density of 8.7×10−5  A/cm2 providing a specific detectivity of ∼2×1011  cm·Hz1/2/W at 150K. The short-wavelength channel achieved a saturated quantum efficiency of 20% at 1.8μm. At −10  mV, the device’s dark current density was 5.5×10−8  A/cm2. At zero bias, its specific detectivity was 1×1011  cm·Hz1/2/W at 150K. The extended short-wavelength channel achieved a saturated quantum efficiency of 22% at 2.75 μm. Under −2  V bias voltage, the device exhibited a dark current density of 1.8×10−6  A/cm2 providing a specific detectivity of 6.3×1011  cm·Hz1/2/W at 150K. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  High-Average-Power, High-Duty-Cycle (~6 μm) Quantum Cascade Lasers
S. Slivken, A. Evans, J. David, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters, 81 (23)-- December 2, 2002 ...[Visit Journal]
High-power quantum cascade lasers emitting at λ = 6.1  μm are demonstrated. Accurate control of growth parameters and strain balancing results in a near-perfect lattice match, which leads to excellent material quality. Excellent peak power for uncoated lasers, up to 1.5 W per facet for a 21 μm emitter width, is obtained at 300 K for 30 period structures. The threshold current density at 300 K is only 2.4 kA/cm². From 300 to 425 K, the laser exhibits a characteristic temperature T0 of 167 K. Next, Y2O3/Ti/Au mirror coatings were deposited on 1.5 mm cavities and mounted epilayer down. These lasers show an average output power of up to 225 mW at 17% duty cycle, and still show 8 mW average power at 45% duty cycle. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Fabrication of GaN Nanotubular Material using MOCVD with an Aluminium Oxide Membrane
W.G. Jung, S.H. Jung, P. Kung, and M. Razeghi
Nanotechnology 17-- January 1, 2006 ...[Visit Journal]
GaN nanotubular material is fabricated with an aluminium oxide membrane in MOCVD. SEM, XRD, TEM and PL are employed to characterize the fabricated GaN nanotubular material. An aluminium oxide membrane with ordered nanoholes is used as a template. Gallium nitride is deposited at the inner wall of the nanoholes in the aluminium oxide template, and the nanotubular material with high aspect ratio is synthesized using the precursors of TMG and ammonia gas. Optimal synthesis conditions in MOCVD are obtained successfully for the gallium nitride nanotubular material in this research. The diameter of the GaN nanotube fabricated is approximately 200–250 nm and the wall thickness is about 40–50 nm. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Investigation of Enhanced Heteroepitaxy and Electrical Properties in k-Ga2O3 due to Interfacing with β-Ga2O3 Template Layers
Junhee Lee, Lakshay Gautam, Ferechteh H. Teherani, Eric V. Sandana, P. Bove, David J. Rogers and Manijeh Razeghi
J. Lee, M. Razeghi, Physica Status Solidi A 2023,220, 2200559, https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202200559 ...[Visit Journal]
Heteroepitaxial k-Ga2O3 films grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were found to have superior materials and electrical properties thanks to the interfacing with a b-Ga2O3 template layer. k-Ga2O3grown on sapphire has not been able to demonstrate its full potential due to materials imperfections created by strain induced by the lattice mismatch at the interface between the epilayer and the substrate. By adopting a b-Ga2O3 template on a c-sapphire substrate, higher quality k-Ga2O3thin films were obtained, as evidenced by a smoother surface morphology, narrower XRD peaks, and superior electrical performance. The implications of this phenomenon, caused by b-Ga2O3 buffer layer, are already very encouraging for both boosting current device performance and opening up the perspective of novel applications for Ga2O3. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Solar-blind photodetectors based on Ga2O3 and III-nitrides
Ryan McClintock; Alexandre Jaud; Lakshay Gautam; Manijeh Razeghi
Proc. SPIE 11288, Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XVII, 1128803-- January 31, 2020 ...[Visit Journal]
Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the wide bandgap semiconductors for solar blind photo detectors (SBPD). This work presents our recent progress in the growth/doping of AlGaN and Ga2O3 thin films for solar blind detection applications. Both of these thin films grown are grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) in the same Aixtron MOCVD system. Solar-blind metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors were fabricated with Ga2O3. Spectral responsivity studies of the MSM photodetectors revealed a peak at 261 nm and a maximum EQE of 41.7% for a −2.5 V bias. We have also demonstrated AlGaN based solar-blind avalanche photodiodes with a gain in excess of 57,000 at ~100 volts of reverse bias. This gain can be attributed to avalanche multiplication of the photogenerated carriers within the device. Both of these devices show the potential of wide bandgap semiconductors for solar blind photo detectors. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Top-emission ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with peak emission at 280 nm
A. Yasan, R. McClintock, K. Mayes, S.R. Darvish, P. Kung, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 81 (5)-- July 29, 2002 ...[Visit Journal]
We demonstrate light emission at 280 nm from UV light-emitting diodes consisting of AlInGaN/AlInGaN multiple quantum wells. Turn-on voltage of the devices is ~5 V with a differential resistance of ~40 Ω. The peak emission wavelength redshifts ~1 nm at high injection currents. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  High-performance short-wavelength infrared photodetectors based on type-II InAs/InAs1-xSbx/AlAs1-xSbx superlattices
A. Haddadi, X.V. Suo, S. Adhikary, P. Dianat, R. Chevallier, A.M. Hoang, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 107 , 141104-- October 5, 2015 ...[Visit Journal]
A high-performance short-wavelength infrared n-i-p photodiode based on InAs/InAs1-xSbx/AlAs1-xSbx type-II superlattices on GaSb substrate has been demonstrated. The device is designed to have a 50% cut-off wavelength of ~1.8μm at 300K. The photodetector exhibited a room-temperature (300 K) peak responsivity of 0.47 A/W at 1.6μm, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 37% at zero bias under front-side illumination, without any anti-reflection coating. With an R×A of 285 Ω·cm² and a dark current density of 9.6×10-5 A/cm² under −50mV applied bias at 300 K, the photodiode exhibited a specific detectivity of 6.45×1010 cm·Hz½/W. At 200 K, the photodiode exhibited a dark current density of 1.3×10-8 A/cm² and a quantum efficiency of 36%, resulting in a detectivity of 5.66×1012 cm·Hz½/W. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Characterization of ZnO thin films grown on c-sapphire by pulsed laser deposition as templates for regrowth of zno by metal organic chemical vapor deposition
D. J. Rogers ; F. Hosseini Teherani ; C. Sartel ; V. Sallet ; F. Jomard ; P. Galtier ; M. Razeghi
Proc. SPIE 7217, Zinc Oxide Materials and Devices IV, 72170F (February 17, 2009)-- February 17, 2009 ...[Visit Journal]
The use of ZnO template layers grown Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) has been seen to produce dramatic improvements in the surface morphology, crystallographic quality and optical properties of ZnO layers grown on c-sapphire substrates by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition. This paper provides complementary details on the PLD-grown ZnO template properties. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Fabrication of GaN nanotubular material using MOCVD with aluminum oxide membrane
W.G. Jung, S.H. Jung, P. Kung, and M. Razeghi
SPIE Conference, San Jose, CA, Vol. 6127, pp. 61270K-- January 23, 2006 ...[Visit Journal]
GaN nanotubular material is fabricated with aluminum oxide membrane in MOCVD. SEM, XRD, TEM and PL are employed to characterize the fabricated GaN nanotubular material. An aluminum oxide membrane with ordered nano holes is used as template. Gallium nitride is deposited at the inner wall of the nano holes in aluminum oxide template, and the nanotubular material with high aspect ratio is synthesized using the precursors of TMG and ammonia gas. Optimal synthesis condition in MOCVD is obtained successfully for the gallium nitride nanotubular material in this research. The diameter of GaN nanotube fabricated is approximately 200 ~ 250 nm and the wall thickness is about 40 ~ 50 nm. GaN nanotubular material consists of numerous fine GaN particulates with sizes ranging 15 to 30 nm. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Use of Yttria-Stabilised Zirconia Substrates for Zinc Oxide Mediated Epitaxial Lift-off of Superior Yttria-Stabilised Zirconia Thin Films
D. J. Rogers, T. Maroutian, V. E. Sandana, P. Lecoeur, F. H. Teherani, P. Bove and M. Razeghi
Proc. of SPIE Vol. 12887, Oxide-based Materials and Devices XV, 128870P 2024, San Francisco),doi: 10.1117/12.3023431 ...[Visit Journal]
ZnO layers were grown on (100) and (111) oriented YSZ substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). X-ray diffraction studies revealed growth of wurtzite ZnO with strong preferential (0002) orientation. The ZnO layer on YSZ (111) showed distinct Pendellosung fringes and a more pronounced c-axis orientation (rocking curve of 0.08°). Atomic force microscopy revealed RMS roughnesses of 0.7 and 2.2nm for the ZnO on the YSZ (111) and YSZ (100), respectively. YSZ was then grown on the ZnO buffered YSZ (111) substrate by PLD. XRD revealed that the YSZ overlayer grew with a strong preferential (111) orientation. The YSZ/ZnO/YSZ (111) top surface was temporary bonded to an Apiezon wax carrier and the sample was immersed in 0.1M HCl so as to preferentially etch/dissolve away the ZnO underlayer and release the YSZ from the substrate. XRD revealed only the characteristic (111) peak of YSZ after lift-off and thus confirmed both the dissolution of the ZnO and the preservation of the crystallographic integrity of the YSZ on the wax carrier. Optical and Atomic Force Microscopy revealed some buckling, roughening and cracking of the lifted YSZ, however. XRD suggested that this may have been due to compressive epitaxial strain release. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  High power 1D and 2D photonic crystal distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers
B. Gokden, Y. Bai, S. Tsao, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken and M. Razeghi
SPIE Proceedings, San Francisco, CA (January 22-27, 2011), Vol. 7945, p. 79450C-- January 23, 2011 ...[Visit Journal]
For many practical applications that need bright sources of mid-infrared radiation, single mode operation and good beam quality are also required. Quantum cascade lasers are prominent candidates as compact sources of mid-infrared radiation capable of delivering very high power both CW and under pulsed operation. While 1D photonic crystal distributed feedback structures can be used to get single mode operation from quantum cascade lasers with narrow ridge widths, novel 2D photonic crystal cavity designs can be used to improve spectral and spatial purity of broad area quantum cascade lasers. In this paper, we demonstrate high power, spatially and spectrally pure operation at room temperature from narrow ridge and broad area quantum cascade lasers with buried 1D and 2D photonic crystal structures. Single mode continuous wave emission at λ = 4.8 μm up to 700 mW in epi-up configuration at room temperature was observed from a 11 μm wide 5 mm long distributed feedback quantum cascade laser with buried 1D gratings. High peak powers up to 34 W was obtained from a 3mm long 400 μm wide 2D photonic crystal distributed feedback laser at room temperature under pulsed operation. The far field profile had a single peak normal to the laser facet and the M2 figure of merit was as low as 2.5. Emission spectrum had a dominating single mode at λ = 4.36 μm. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  Sampled grating, distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers with broad tunability and continuous operation at room temperature
S. Slivken, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Tsao, S. Nida, Y. Bai, Q.Y. Lu and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 100, No. 26, p. 261112-1-- June 25, 2012 ...[Visit Journal]
A dual-section, single-mode quantum cascade laser is demonstrated in continuous wave at room temperature with up to 114 nm (50 cm−1) of tuning near a wavelength of 4.8 μm. Power above 100 mW is demonstrated, with a mean side mode suppression ratio of 24 dB. By changing the grating period, 270 nm (120 cm−1) of gap-free electrical tuning for a single gain medium has been realized. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  InAsSbP/InAsSb/InAs Laser Diodes λ = 3.2 μm) Grown by Low-Pressure Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition
J. Diaz, G. Lukas, D. Wu, S. Kim, M. Erdtmann, E. Kaas, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 70 (1)-- January 6, 1997 ...[Visit Journal]
We report metal–organic chemical-vapor deposition-grown double heterostructure InAsSbP/InAsSb/InAs diode lasers emitting at 3.2 μm operating at temperatures up to 220 K with threshold current density of 40 A/cm² at 77 K and characteristic temperature up to 42 K. Output powers as high as 260 mW in pulse mode and 60 mW in continuous wave operation have been obtained from an uncoated 100 μm stripe-width broad-area laser at 77 K. Comparison with theory shows that there is no significant nonradiative recombination mechanism for these lasers at 77 K. [reprint (PDF)]
 
16.  High-speed free-space optical communications based on quantum cascade lasers and type-II superlattice detectors
Stephen M. Johnson; Emily Dial; M. Razeghi
Proc. SPIE 11288, Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XVII, 1128814-- January 31, 2020 ...[Visit Journal]
Free-space optical communications (FSOC) is a promising avenue for point-to-point, high-bandwidth, and high-security communication links. It has the potential to solve the “last mile” problem modern communication systems face, allowing for high-speed communication links without the expensive and expansive infrastructure required by fiber optic and wireless technologies 1 . Although commercial FSOC systems currently exist, due to their operation in the near infrared and short infrared ranges, they are necessarily limited by atmospheric absorption and scattering losses 2 . Mid-infrared (MWIR) wavelengths are desirable for free space communications systems because they have lower atmospheric scattering losses compared to near-infrared communication links. This leads to increased range and link uptimes. Since this portion of the EM spectrum is unlicensed, link establishment can be implemented quickly. Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) are ideal FSOC transmitters because their emission wavelength is adjustable to MWIR 3 . Compared to the typical VCSEL and laser diodes used in commercial NIR and SWIR FSOC systems, however, they require increased threshold and modulation currents 4 . Receivers based on type-II superlattice (T2SL) detectors are desired in FSOC for their low dark current, high temperature operation, and band gap tunable to MWIR 5. In this paper, we demonstrate the implementation of a high-speed FSOC system using a QCL and a T2SL detector. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors: Comparison Experiment and Theory
H. Lim, W. Zhang, S. Tsao, T. Sills, J. Szafraniec, K. Mi, B. Movaghar, and M. Razeghi
Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science and Technology 12 (9)-- August 29, 2005 ...[Visit Journal][reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  High performance Zn-diffused planar mid-wavelength infrared type-II InAs/InAs1-xSbx superlattice photodetector by MOCVD
Donghai Wu, Arash Dehzangi, Jiakai Li, and Manijeh Razeghi
Appl. Phys. Lett. 116, 161108-- April 21, 2020 ...[Visit Journal]
We report a Zn-diffused planar mid-wavelength infrared photodetector based on type-II InAs/InAs1-xSbx superlattices. Both the superlattice growth and Zn diffusion were performed in a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition system. At 77K, the photodetector exhibits a peak responsivity of 0.70A/W at 3.65λ, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 24% at zero bias without anti-reflection coating, with a 50% cutoff wavelength of 4.28λ. With an R0A value of 3.2x105 Ω·cm2 and a dark current density of 9.6x10-8 A/cm² bias of -20mV at 77K, the photodetector exhibits a specific detectivity of 2.9x1012cm·Hz½/W. At 150K, the photodetector exhibits a dark current density of 9.1x10-6 A/cm² and a quantum efficiency of 25%, resulting in a detectivity of 3.4x1011cm·Hz/W. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  High Power 3-12 μm Infrared Lasers: Recent Improvements and Future Trends
M. Razeghi, S. Slivken, A. Tahraoui, A. Matlis, and Y.S. Park
Advanced Research Workshop on Semiconductor Nanostructures, Queenstown, New Zealand; Proceedings -- February 5, 2003 ...[Visit Journal]
In this paper, we discuss the progress of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. Room temperature QCL operation has been reported for lasers emitting between 5-11 μm, with 9-11 μm lasers operating up to 425 K. Laser technology for the 3-5 μm range takes advantage of a strain-balanced active layer design. We also demonstrate record room temperature peak output powers at 9 and 11 μm (2.5 and 1 W, respectively) as well as record low 80K threshold current densities (250 A/cm²) for some laser designs. Preliminary distributed feedback (DFB) results are also presented and exhibit single mode operation for 9 μm lasers at room temperature. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Room Temperature, Continuous Wave Quantum Cascade Laser Grown Directly on a Si Wafer
Steven Slivken and Manijeh Razeghi
S. Slivken and M. Razeghi,, Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 59, No. 4, doi: 10.1109/JQE.2023.3282710 ...[Visit Journal]
We report the room temperature demonstration of a high power, continuous wave, LWIR quantum cascade laser grown directly on a Si substrate. A new wafer, based on a high efficiency, strain-balanced laser core was processed into a lateral injection buried heterostructure laser geometry. A pulsed efficiency of 11.1% was demonstrated at room temperature, with an emission wavelength of 8.35 μm. With low fidelity, epilayer-up packaging, CW emission up to 343 K was also demonstrated, with a maximum output power of >0.7 W near room temperature. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Solar-Blind Deep UV Avalanche Photodetectors Using Reduced Area Epitaxy
Lakshay Gautam , Junhee Lee, Michael Richards, and Manijeh Razeghi ,
Lakshay Gautam, Manijeh Razeghi, IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOL. 59, NO. 6, 10.1109/JQE.2023.3325254 ...[Visit Journal]
We report high gain avalanche photodetectors operating in the deep UV wavelength regime. The high gain was leveraged through reduced area epitaxy by patterning AlN on Sapphire substrate. This helps in a substantial reduction of crack formation due to overgrowth on individually isolated AlN mesas. Reproducible gain on the order of 105 was reported for multiple diodes in different areas of 320 × 256 focal plane array. [reprint (PDF)]
 

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