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15.  Growth and Optimization of GaInAsP/InP Material System for Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector Applications
M. Erdtmann, J. Jiang, A. Matlis, A. Tahraoui, C. Jelen, M. Razeghi, and G. Brown
SPIE Conference, San Jose, CA, -- January 26, 2000 ...[Visit Journal]
Multi-quantum well structures of GaxIn1-xAsyP1-y were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition for the fabrication of quantum well IR photodetectors. The thickness and composition of the wells was determined by high-resolution x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence experiments. The intersubband absorption spectrum of the Ga0.47In0.53As/InP, Ga0.38In0.62As0.80P0.20 (1.55 μm)/InP, and Ga0.27In0.73As0.57P0.43 (1.3 μm))/InP quantum wells are found to have cutoff wavelengths of 9.3 μm, 10.7 micrometers , and 14.2 μm respectively. These wavelengths are consistent with a conduction band offset to bandgap ratio of approximately 0.32. Facet coupled illumination responsivity and detectivity are reported for each composition. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  AlGaN ultraviolet photoconductors grown on sapphire
D. Walker, X. Zhang, P. Kung, A. Saxler, S. Javadpour, J. Xu, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 68 (15)-- April 8, 1996 ...[Visit Journal]
AlxGa1−xN (0≤x≤0.50) ultraviolet photoconductors with a minimum cutoff wavelength shorter than 260 nm have been fabricated and characterized. The AlGaN active layers were grown on (00⋅1) sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The spectral responsivity of the GaN detector at 360 nm is about 1 A/W biased at 8 V at room temperature. The carrier lifetime derived from the voltage‐dependent responsivity is 0.13–0.36 ms. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Comparison of the Physical Properties of GaN Thin Films Deposited on (0112) and (0001) Sapphire Substrates
C.J. Sun and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 63 (7)-- August 16, 1993 ...[Visit Journal]
A direct comparison of the physical properties of GaN thin films is made as a function of the choice of substrate orientations. Gallium nitride single crystals were grown on (0001) and (0112) sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Better crystallinity with fine ridgelike facets is obtained on the (0112) sapphire. Also lower carrier concentration and higher mobilities indicate both lower nitrogen vacancies and less oxygen incorporation on the (0112) sapphire. The results of this study show better physical properties of GaN thin films achieved on (0112) sapphire. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Mid-wavelength infrared high operating temperature pBn photodetectors based on type-II InAs/InAsSb superlattice
Donghai Wu, Jiakai Li, Arash Dehzangi, and Manijeh Razeghi
AIP Advances 10, 025018-- February 11, 2020 ...[Visit Journal]
A high operating temperature mid-wavelength infrared pBn photodetector based on the type-II InAs/InAsSb superlattice on a GaSb substrate has been demonstrated. At 150 K, the photodetector exhibits a peak responsivity of 1.48 A/W, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 47% at −50 mV applied bias under front-side illumination, with a 50% cutoff wavelength of 4.4 μm. With an R×A of 12,783 Ω·cm² and a dark current density of 1.16×10−5A/cm² under −50 mV applied bias, the photodetector exhibits a specific detectivity of 7.1×1011 cm·Hz½/W. At 300 K, the photodetector exhibits a dark current density of 0.44 A/cm²and a quantum efficiency of 39%, resultingin a specific detectivity of 2.5×109 cm·Hz½/W. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Compressively-strained multiple quantum well InAsSb lasers emitting at 3.6 μm grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition
B. Lane, D. Wu, A. Rybaltowski, H. Yi, J. Diaz, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 70 (4)-- January 27, 1997 ...[Visit Journal]
A compressively strained InAsSb/InAs multiple quantum-well (MQW) structure was grown by low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Maximum output power (from two facets) up to 1 W with differential efficiency about 70% was obtained from a MQW laser with stripe width of 100 μm and cavity length of 700 μm for emitting wavelength of 3.65 μm at 90 K in pulse mode operation. About 2 times lower threshold current density was obtained from the MQW lasers for a temperature range of 90 to 140 K compared to the double heterostructure lasers grown on the same growth conditions. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Sb-based third generation at Center for Quantum Devices
Razeghi, Manijeh
SPIE Proceedings Volume 11407, Infrared Technology and Applications XLVI; 114070T-- April 23, 2020 ...[Visit Journal]
Sb-based III-V semiconductors are a promising alternative to HgCdTe. They can be produced with a similar bandgap to HgCdTe, but take advantage of the strong bonding between group III and group V elements which leads to very stable materials, good radiation hardness, and high uniformity. In this paper, we will discuss the recent progress of our research and present the main contributions of the Center for Quantum Devices to the Sb-based 3th generation imagers. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  High Power, Room Temperature, Continuous-Wave Operation of Quantum Cascade Lasers Grown by GasMBE
A. Evans, J. David, L. Doris, J.S. Yu, S. Slivken and M. Razeghi
SPIE Conference, Jose, CA, Vol. 5359, pp. 188-- January 25, 2004 ...[Visit Journal]
Very high power continuous-wave quantum cascade lasers are demonstrated in the mid-infrared (3 - 6 µm) wavelength range. λ~6 µm high-reflectivity coated QCLs are demonstrated producing over 370 mW continuous-wave power at room temperature with continuous-wave operation up to 333 K. Advanced heterostructure geometries, including the use of a thick electroplated gold, epilayer-side heat sink and a buried-ridge heterostructure are demonstrated to improve laser performance significantly when combined with narrow laser ridges. Recent significant improvements in CW operation are presented and include the development if narrow (9 µm-wide) ridges for high temperature CW operation. GasMBE growth of the strain-balanced λ~6 µm QCL heterostructure is discussed. X-ray diffraction measurements are presented and compared to computer simulations that indicate excellent layer and compositional uniformity of the structure. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Comparison of chemical and laser lift-off for the transfer of InGaN-based p-i-n junctions from sapphire to glass substrates
D. J. Rogers ; P. Bove ; F. Hosseini Teherani ; K. Pantzas ; T. Moudakir ; G. Orsal ; G. Patriarche ; S. Gautier ; A. Ougazzaden ; V. E. Sandana ; R. McClintock ; M. Razeghi
Proc. SPIE 8626, Oxide-based Materials and Devices IV, 862611 (March 18, 2013)-- March 18, 2013 ...[Visit Journal]
InGaN-based p-i-n structures were transferred from sapphire to soda-lime glass substrates using two approaches: (1) laser-lift-off (LLO) and thermo-metallic bonding and (2) chemical lift-off (LLO) by means sacrificial ZnO templates and direct wafer bonding. Both processes were found to function at RT and allow reclaim of the expensive single crystal substrate. Both approaches have also already been demonstrated to work for the wafer-scale transfer of III/V semiconductors. Compared with the industry-standard LLO, the CLO offers the added advantages of a lattice match to InGaN with higher indium contents, no need for an interfacial adhesive layer (which facilitates electrical, optical and thermal coupling), no damaged/contaminated GaN surface layer, simplified sapphire reclaim (GaN residue after LLO may complicate reclaim) and cost savings linked to elimination of the expensive LLO process. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  High-power, room-temperature and continuous-wave operation of distributed-feedback quantum-cascade lasers at λ = 4.8 µm
J.S. Yu, S. Slivken, S.R. Darvish, A. Evans, B. Gokden and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters, 87 (4)-- July 25, 2005 ...[Visit Journal]
The authors present high-power continuous-wave (cw) operation of distributed-feedback quantum-cascade lasers. Continuous-wave output powers of 56 mW at 25 °C and 15 mW at 40 °C are obtained. Single-mode emission near 7.8 µm with a side-mode suppression ratio of >=30 dB and a tuning range of 2.83 cm−1 was obtained between 15 and 40 °C. The device exhibits no beam steering with a full width at half maximum of 27.4° at 25 °C in cw mode. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  InP-based quantum-dot infrared photodetectors with high quantum efficiency and high temperature imaging
S. Tsao, H. Lim, H. Seo, W. Zhang and M. Razeghi
IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 8, No. 6, p. 936-941-- June 1, 2008 ...[Visit Journal]
We report a room temperature operating InAs quantum-dot infrared photodetector grown on InP substrate. The self-assembled InAs quantum dots and the device structure were grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor depositon. The detectivity was 6 x 1010cm·Hz1/2·W-1 at 150 K and a bias of 5 V with a peak detection wavelength around 4.0 micron and a quantum efficiency of 48%. Due to the low dark current and high responsivity, a clear photoresponse has been observed at room temperature. A 320 x 256 middle wavelength infrared focal plane array operating at temperatures up to 200 K was also demonstrated. The focal plane array had 34 mA/W responsivity, 1.1% conversion efficiency, and noise equivalent temperature difference of 344 mK at 120 K operating temperature. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors: Comparison Experiment and Theory
H. Lim, W. Zhang, S. Tsao, T. Sills, J. Szafraniec, K. Mi, B. Movaghar, and M. Razeghi
Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science and Technology 12 (9)-- August 29, 2005 ...[Visit Journal][reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Demonstration of type-II superlattice MWIR minority carrier unipolar imager for high operation temperature application
Guanxi Chen, Abbas Haddadi, Anh-Minh Hoang, Romain Chevallier, and Manijeh Razeghi
Optics Letters Vol. 40, Iss. 1, pp. 29–32-- December 18, 2014 ...[Visit Journal]
An InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice-based mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) 320×256 unipolar focal plane array (FPA) using pMp architecture exhibited excellent infrared image from 81 to 150 K and ∼98% operability, which illustrated the possibility for high operation temperature application. At 150 K and −50  mV operation bias, the 27 μm pixels exhibited dark current density to be 1.2×10−5  A/cm², with 50% cutoff wavelength of 4.9 μm, quantum efficiency of 67% at peak responsivity (4.6 μm), and specific detectivity of 1.2×1012 Jones. At 90 K and below, the 27 μm pixels exhibited system limited dark current density, which is below 1×10−9  A/cm², and specific detectivity of 1.5×1014 Jones. From 81 to 100 K, the FPA showed ∼11  mK NEDT by using F/2.3 optics and a 9.69 ms integration time. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Bias-selectable dual-band mid-/long-wavelength infrared photodetectors based on InAs/InAs1−xSbx type-II superlattices
A. Haddadi, R. Chevallier, G. Chen, A. M. Hoang, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 106 , 011104-- January 8, 2015 ...[Visit Journal]
A high performance bias-selectable mid-/long-wavelength infrared photodetector based on InAs/InAs1−xSbx type-II superlattices on GaSb substrate has been demonstrated. The mid- and long-wavelength channels' 50% cut-off wavelengths were ∼5.1 and ∼9.5 μm at 77 K. The mid-wavelength channel exhibited a quantum efficiency of 45% at 100 mV bias voltage under front-side illumination and without any anti-reflection coating. With a dark current density of 1 × 10−7 A/cm² under 100 mV applied bias, the mid-wavelength channel exhibited a specific detectivity of 8.2 × 1012 cm·Hz½·W-1 at 77 K. The long-wavelength channel exhibited a quantum efficiency of 40%, a dark current density of 5.7 × 10−4 A/cm² under −150 mV applied bias at 77 K, providing a specific detectivity value of 1.64 × 1011 cm·Hz½·W-1. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  InAs/InAs1-xSbx type-II superlattices for high performance long wavelength infrared detection
A. Haddadi , G. Chen , R. Chevallier , A. M. Hoang , and M. Razeghi
Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 121104 (2014)-- September 22, 2014 ...[Visit Journal]
High performance long-wavelength infrared nBn photodetectors based on InAs/InAs1−xSbx type-II superlattices on GaSb substrate have been demonstrated. The photodetector's 50% cut-off wavelength was ∼10 μm at 77 K. The photodetector with a 6 μm-thick absorption region exhibited a peak responsivity of 4.47 A/W at 7.9 μm, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 54% at −90 mV bias voltage under front-side illumination and without any anti-reflection coating. With an R × A of 119 Ω·cm² and a dark current density of 4.4 × 10−4 A/cm² under −90 mV applied bias at 77 K, the photodetector exhibited a specific detectivity of 2.8 × 1011 cm·Hz1/2·W-1. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Semiconductor ultraviolet detectors
M. Razeghi and A. Rogalski
Journal of Applied Physics Applied Physics Review 79 (10)-- May 15, 1996 ...[Visit Journal]
In this review article a comprehensive analysis of the developments in ultraviolet (UV) detector technology is described. At the beginning, the classification of UV detectors and general requirements imposed on these detectors are presented. Further considerations are restricted to modern semiconductor UV detectors, so the basic theory of photoconductive and photovoltaic detectors is presented in a uniform way convenient for various detector materials. Next, the current state of the art of different types of semiconductor UV detectors is presented. Hitherto, the semiconductor UV detectors have been mainly fabricated using Si. Industries such as the aerospace, automotive, petroleum, and others have continuously provided the impetus pushing the development of fringe technologies which are tolerant of increasingly high temperatures and hostile environments. As a result, the main efforts are currently directed to a new generation of UV detectors fabricated from wide band-gap semiconductors the most promising of which are diamond and AlGaN. The latest progress in development of AlGaN UV detectors is finally described in detail. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  The Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth of InSb on (111) GaAs
E. Michel, J. Kim, J. Xu, S. Javadpour, I. Ferguson, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 69 (2)-- July 8, 1996 ...[Visit Journal]
The molecular beam epitaxial growth of InSb on (111)B GaAs has been investigated. It was found that for a given Sb/In ratio, a higher growth temperature was required for the growth of InSb on (111)B GaAs compared to that on (001) GaAs. This difference has been attributed to the bonding characteristics of the (111)B and (001) surface. Once growth had been optimized, it was found that the material characteristics of (111)B InSb were almost identical to that of (001) InSb, i.e., independent of orientation. For example, the x-ray full width at half-maximum and 300 K mobility had the same absolute values for (111) InSb and (001)InSb and followed the same dependence with the sample thickness. Te was found to be a well-behaved n-type dopant for (111)B InSb. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  GaInAs and GaInAsP materials grown by low pressure MOCVD for microwave and optoelectronic applications
J.P. Duchemin, J.P. Hirtz, M. Razeghi, M. Bonnet , S.D. Hersee
J.P. Duchemin, J.P. Hirtz, M. Razeghi, M. Bonnet, S.D. Hersee, GaInAs and GaInAsP materials grown by low pressure MOCVD for microwave and optoelectronic applications, Journal of Crystal Growth, Volume 55, Issue 1, 1981, Pages 64-73-- October 1, 1981 ...[Visit Journal]
The low pressure MOCVD technique has been successfully used to grow GaInAsP, lattice-matched to InP, for the complete compositional range between InP (λ=0.91 μm) and the ternary compound Ga0.47In0.53As (λ=1.67 μm). By contrast to LPE growth it has been found that during the MOCVD growth of double heterostructures InP can be grown directly onto the ternary or quaternary with no disturbance of the active layer, i.e. there is no effect equivalent to “melt back”. The compositional grading on both sides of the active layer was measured by scanning Auger spectroscopy on bevelled samples. It was found that the graded regions were typically less than 100 Å wide for GaInAsP active layers and less than 50 Å wide for GaInAs active layers. Single layers of undoped GaInAs exhibited a typical mobility of 6700 cm2 V-1s-1 at 1.5×1017 cm-3. The compositional uniformity of the ternary layers was characterised by measurement of the photoluminescence wavelength at various points on a large sample. The wavelength varied by <3 nm over 95% of the area, which was approximately 8 cm2. Our early MOCVD grown GaInAsP/InP DH lasers exhibited high thresholds due to a poor interface between the p-InP and the active layer. However, recently fabricated broad area lasers emitting at 1.27 μm show an average threshold current density of 1.5 kA cm-2 with a T0 of between 70 to 80 K. Stripe geometry lasers have being fabricated from this material and CW operation has been obtained. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Room temperature continuous wave operation of quantum cascade lasers with watt-level optical power
Y. Bai, S.R. Darvish, S. Slivken, W. Zhang, A. Evans, J. Nguyen and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, No. 10, p. 101105-1-- March 10, 2008 ...[Visit Journal]
We demonstrate quantum cascade lasers at an emitting wavelength of 4.6 µm, which are capable of room temperature, high power continuous wave (cw) operation. Buried ridge geometry with a width of 9.8 µm was utilized. A device with a 3 mm cavity length that was epilayer-down bonded on a diamond submount exhibited a maximum output power of 1.3 W at room temperature in cw operation. The maximum output power at 80 K was measured to be 4 W, with a wall plug efficiency of 27%. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Thin-Film Antimonide-Based Photodetectors Integrated on Si
Yiyun Zhang , Member, IEEE, Abbas Haddadi, Member, IEEE, Romain Chevallier, Arash Dehzangi, Member, IEEE, and Manijeh Razeghi , Life Fellow, IEEE
IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOL. 54, NO. 2-- April 1, 2018 ...[Visit Journal]
Monolithic integration of antimonide (Sb)-based compound semiconductors on Si is in high demand to enrich silicon photonics by extending the detection range to longer infrared wavelengths. In this paper, we have demonstrated the damage-free transfer of large-area (1×1 cm² ) narrow-bandgap Sb-based type-II superlattice (T2SL)-based thin-film materials onto a Si substrate using a combination of wafer-bonding and chemical epilayer release techniques. An array of Sb-based T2SL-based long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) photodetectors with diameters from 100 to 400 μm has been successfully fabricated using standard "top–down" processing technique. The transferred LWIR photodetectors exhibit a cut-off wavelength of λ 8.6 μm at 77 K. The dark current density of the transferred photodetectors under 200 mV applied bias at 77 K is as low as 5.7×10−4 A/cm² and the R×A reaches 66.3 Ω·cm², exhibiting no electrical degradation compared with reference samples on GaSb native substrate. The quantum efficiency and peak responsivity at 6.75 μm (@77 K, 200 mV) are 46.2% and 2.44 A/W, respectively. The specific detectivity (D*) at 6.75 μm reaches as high as 1.6×1011 cm·Hz1/2/W under 200 mV bias at 77 K. Our method opens a reliable pathway to realize high performance and practical Sb-based optoelectronic devices on a Si platform. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Electron-spin resonance of the two-dimensional electron gas in Ga0.47In0.53As-InP heterostructures
M. Dobers, J. P. Vieren,, Y. Guldner P. Bove, F. Omnes, and M. Razeghi
Phys. Rev. B 40, 8075(R) – Published 15 October, 1989-- October 15, 1989 ...[Visit Journal]
The microwave-induced change of the magnetoresistivity of Ga0.47In0.53As-InP heterostructures reveals resonant structure which is attributed to electron-spin resonance of the two-dimensional conduction electrons. With microwave frequencies up to 480 GHz and in magnetic fields up to 12 T, we studied the spin splitting of the two lowest Landau levels in different samples. The spin splitting of these Landau levels is a quadratic function of the magnetic field and its extrapolation to zero magnetic field leads to vanishing spin splitting. The g factors depend on the magnetic field B and the Landau level N as follows: g(B,N)=𝑔0-c(N+1/2)B, where 𝑔0 and c are sample-dependent parameters, which are of the order of 𝑔0≊4.1 and c≊0.08 T−1, in the studied heterostructures. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Engineering Multi-Section Quantum Cascade Lasers for Broadband Tuning
Steven Slivken and Manijeh Razeghi
Photonics 3, 41-- June 27, 2016 ...[Visit Journal]
In an effort to overcome current limitations to electrical tuning of quantum cascade lasers, a strategy is proposed which combines heterogeneous quantum cascade laser gain engineering with sampled grating architectures. This approach seeks to not only widen the accessible spectral range for an individual emitter, but also compensate for functional non-uniformity of reflectivity and gain lineshapes. A trial laser with a dual wavelength core is presented which exhibits electroluminescence over a 750 cm−1 range and discrete single mode laser emission over a 700 cm−1 range. Electrical tuning over 180 cm−1 is demonstrated with a simple sampled grating design. A path forward to even wider tuning is also described using more sophisticated gain and grating design principles. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Multi-color 4–20 μm In-P-based Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors
C. Jelen, S. Slivken, G.J. Brown, and M. Razeghi
SPIE Conference, San Jose, CA, -- January 27, 1999 ...[Visit Journal]
In order to tune the wavelength of lattice-matched QWIP detectors over the range from 4 - 20 &mum, new designs are demonstrated for the first time which combine InGaAlAs and InGaAsP layers lattice-matched to InP and grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. We demonstrate the first long-wavelength quantum well infrared photodetectors using the lattice-matched n-doped InGaAlAs/InP materials system. Samples with AlAs mole fractions of 0.0, 0.1, and 0.15 result in cutoff wavelengths of 8.5, 13.3, and 19.4 μm, respectively. A 45 degree facet coupled illumination responsivity of R equals 0.37 A/W and detectivity of D*(λ) equals 1x109 cm·Hz½·W-1 at T = 77 K, for a cutoff wavelength λc equals 13.3 μm have been achieved. Based on the measured intersubband photoresponse wavelength, a null conduction band offset is expected for In0.52Ga0.21Al0.27As/InP heterojunctions. We also report quantum well infrared photodetector structures of In0.53Ga0.47As/Al0.48In0.52As grown on InP substrate with photoresponse at 4 μm suitable for mid-wavelength infrared detectors. These detectors exhibit a constant peak responsivity of 30 mA/W independent of temperature in the range from T equals 77 K to T equals 200 K. Combining these two materials, we report the first multispectral detectors that combine lattice-matched quantum wells of InGaAs/InAlAs and InGaAs/InP. Utilizing two contacts, a voltage tunable detector with (lambda) p equals 8 micrometer at a bias of V equals 5 V and λp equals 4 μm at V equals 10 V is demonstrated. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Recent advances in mid infrared (3-5 μm) quantum cascade lasers
Manijeh Razeghi; Neelanjan Bandyopadhyay; Yanbo Bai; Quanyong Lu; Steven Slivken
Optical Materials Express, Vol. 3, Issue 11, pp. 1872-1884 (2013)-- November 2, 2013 ...[Visit Journal]
Quantum cascade laser (QCL) is an important source of electromagnetic radiation in mid infrared region. Recent research in mid-IR QCLs has resulted in record high wallplug efficiency (WPE), high continuous wave (CW) output power, single mode operation and wide tunability. CW output power of 5.1 W with 21% WPE has been achieved at room temperature (RT). A record high WPE of 53% at 40K has been demonstrated. Operation wavelength of QCL in CW at RT has been extended to as short as 3μm. Very high peak power of 190 W has been obtained from a broad area QCL of ridge width 400μm. 2.4W RT, CW power output has been achieved from a distributed feedback (DFB) QCL. Wide tuning based on dual section sample grating DFB QCLs has resulted in individual tuning of 50cm-1 and 24 dB side mode suppression ratio with continuous wave power greater than 100 mW. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  Transport properties in n-type InSb films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
S.N. Song, J.B. Ketterson, Y.H. Choi, R. Sudharsanan, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters 63 (7)-- August 16, 1993 ...[Visit Journal]
We have measured the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the Hall mobility and transverse magnetoresistance in n-type InSb films epitaxially grown on GaAs substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The films show a giant magnetoresistance: e.g., at 240 K the resistivity increases over 20 times at a magnetic field of 5 T; the low field coefficient of resistivity at 77 K is as high as 47.5 μ·Ω· cm/G. The Hall mobility decreases with magnetic field and saturates at higher fields. By taking the interface carrier transport into account, the observed field dependence of the Hall mobility and magnetoresistance may be understood based on a two-layer model. [reprint (PDF)]
 
15.  First observation of the quantum Hall effect in a Ga0.47In0.53As‐InP heterostructure with three electric subbands
M. Razeghi; J. P. Duchemin; J. C. Portal; L. Dmowski; G. Remeni; R. J. Nicholas; A. Briggs
M. Razeghi, J. P. Duchemin, J. C. Portal, L. Dmowski, G. Remeni, R. J. Nicholas, A. Briggs; First observation of the quantum Hall effect in a Ga0.47In0.53As‐InP heterostructure with three electric subbands. Appl. Phys. Lett. 17 March 1986; 48 (11)-- March 17, 1986 ...[Visit Journal]
Shubnikov–de Haas and quantum Hall effects have been studied in GaInAs‐InP heterojunctions grown by modified low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. In contrast to the results reported up till now on GaInAs‐InP heterojunctions with nearly the same channel electron density, not one but three electric subbands, E0, E1, and E2, are occupied in zero magnetic field. Two electric subbands E0 and E1 contribute to the quantum Hall effect. Magnetic depopulation of the higher (E1 and E2) subbands is observed in both perpendicular and tilted magnetic field orientations. This enables a demonstration of the importance of intersubband scattering in resistivity and cyclotron resonance. [reprint (PDF)]
 

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