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26.  
Room temperature single-mode terahertz sources based on intracavity difference-frequency generation in quantum cascade lasers
Room temperature single-mode terahertz sources based on intracavity difference-frequency generation in quantum cascade lasers
Q.Y. Lu, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken, Y. Bai and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 13, p. 131106-1-- September 26, 2011
We demonstrate room temperature single-mode THz emission at 4 THz based on intracavity difference-frequency generation from mid-infrared dual-wavelength quantum cascade lasers. An integrated dual-period distributed feedback grating is defined on the cap layer to purify both mid-infrared pumping wavelengths and in turn the THz spectra. Single mode operation of the pumping wavelengths results in a single-mode THz operation with a narrow linewidth of 6.6 GHz. A maximum THz power of 8.5 μW with a power conversion efficiency of 10 μW/W² is obtained at room temperature. reprint
 
27.  
Recent advances in IR semiconductor laser diodes and future trends
Recent advances in IR semiconductor laser diodes and future trends
M. Razeghi; Y. Bai; N. Bandyopadhyay; B. Gokden; Q.Y. Lu; S. Slivken
Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series, IEEE [6000041], pp. 55-56 (2011)-- July 18, 2011
The wall plug efficiency of the mid-infrared quantum cascade laser in room temperature continuous wave (cw) operation is brought to 21%, with a maximum output power of 5.1 W. Using a surface grating distributed feedback (DFB) approach, we demonstrated 2.4 W single mode output in room temperature cw operation. With a photonic crystal distributed feedback (PCDFB) design, we achieved single mode spectrum and close to diffraction limited far field with a room temperature high peak power of 34 W. reprint
 
28.  
Widely Tunable, Single-Mode, High-Power Quantum Cascade Lasers
Widely Tunable, Single-Mode, High-Power Quantum Cascade Lasers
M. Razeghi, B. Gokden, S. Tsao, A. Haddadi, N. Bandyopadhyay, and S. Slivken
SPIE Proceedings, Intergreated Photonics: Materials, Devices and Applications, SPIE Microtechnologies Symposium, Prague, Czech Republic, April 18-20, 2011, Vol. 8069, p. 806905-1-- May 31, 2011
We demonstrate widely tunable high power distributed feedback quantum cascade laser array chips that span 190 nm and 200 nm from 4.4 um to 4.59 um and 4.5 um to 4.7 um respectively. The lasers emit single mode with a very narrow linewidth and side mode suppression ratio of 25 dB. Under pulsed operation power outputs up to 1.85 W was obtained from arrays with 3 mm cavity length and up to 0.95 W from arrays with 2 mm cavity length at room temperature. Continuous wave operation was also observed from both chips with 2 mm and 3 mm long cavity arrays up to 150 mW. The cleaved size of the array chip with 3 mm long cavities was around 4 mm x 5 mm and does not require sensitive external optical components to achieve wide tunability. With their small size and high portability, monolithically integrated DFB QCL Arrays are prominent candidates of widely tunable, compact, efficient and high power sources of mid-infrared radiation for gas sensing. reprint
 
29.  
2.4 W room temperature continuous wave operation of distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers
2.4 W room temperature continuous wave operation of distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers
Q.Y. Lu, Y. Bai, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, No. 18, p. 181106-1-- May 4, 2011
We demonstrate high power continuous-wave room-temperature operation surface-grating distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers at 4.8 μm. High power single mode operation benefits from a combination of high-reflection and antireflection coatings. Maximum single-facet continuous-wave output power of 2.4 W and peak wall plug efficiency of 10% from one facet is obtained at 298 K. Single mode operation with a side mode suppression ratio of 30 dB and single-lobed far field without beam steering is observed. reprint
 
30.  
Room temperature quantum cascade lasers with 27% wall plug efficiency
Room temperature quantum cascade lasers with 27% wall plug efficiency
Y. Bai, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Tsao, S. Slivken and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, No. 18, p. 181102-1-- May 3, 2011
Using the recently proposed shallow-well design, we demonstrate InP based quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) emitting around 4.9 μm with 27% and 21% wall plug efficiencies in room temperature (298 K) pulsed and continuous wave (CW) operations, respectively. The laser core consists of 40 QCL-stages. The highest cw efficiency is obtained from a buried-ridge device with a ridge width of 8 μm and a cavity length of 5 mm. The front and back facets are antireflection and high-reflection coated, respectively. The maximum single facet cw power at room temperature amounts to 5.1 W. reprint
 
31.  
Optimizing facet coating of quantum cascade lasers for low power consumption
Optimizing facet coating of quantum cascade lasers for low power consumption
Y. Bai, S.R. Darvish, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken and M. Razeghi
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 109, No. 5, p. 053103-1-- March 1, 2011
Typical high power consumption (∼10 W) of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) has been a serious limitation for applications in battery powered systems. A partial high-reflection (PHR) coating technique is introduced for power downscaling with shorter cavity lengths. The PHR coating consists of a double layer dielectric of SiO2 and Ge. With this technique, a 4.6 μm QCL with an ultra low threshold power consumption of less than a watt (0.83 W) is demonstrated in room temperature continuous wave operation. At 25°C, the maximum output power and wall plug efficiency are 192 mW and 8.6%, respectively. reprint
 
32.  
High power 1D and 2D photonic crystal distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers
High power 1D and 2D photonic crystal distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers
B. Gokden, Y. Bai, S. Tsao, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken and M. Razeghi
SPIE Proceedings, San Francisco, CA (January 22-27, 2011), Vol. 7945, p. 79450C-- January 23, 2011
For many practical applications that need bright sources of mid-infrared radiation, single mode operation and good beam quality are also required. Quantum cascade lasers are prominent candidates as compact sources of mid-infrared radiation capable of delivering very high power both CW and under pulsed operation. While 1D photonic crystal distributed feedback structures can be used to get single mode operation from quantum cascade lasers with narrow ridge widths, novel 2D photonic crystal cavity designs can be used to improve spectral and spatial purity of broad area quantum cascade lasers. In this paper, we demonstrate high power, spatially and spectrally pure operation at room temperature from narrow ridge and broad area quantum cascade lasers with buried 1D and 2D photonic crystal structures. Single mode continuous wave emission at λ = 4.8 μm up to 700 mW in epi-up configuration at room temperature was observed from a 11 μm wide 5 mm long distributed feedback quantum cascade laser with buried 1D gratings. High peak powers up to 34 W was obtained from a 3mm long 400 μm wide 2D photonic crystal distributed feedback laser at room temperature under pulsed operation. The far field profile had a single peak normal to the laser facet and the M2 figure of merit was as low as 2.5. Emission spectrum had a dominating single mode at λ = 4.36 μm. reprint
 
33.  
Highly temperature insensitive quantum cascade lasers
Highly temperature insensitive quantum cascade lasers
Y. Bai, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Tsao, E. Selcuk, S. Slivken and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 97, No. 25-- December 20, 2010
An InP based quantum cascade laser (QCL) heterostructure emitting around 5 μm is grown with gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. The QCL core design takes a shallow-well approach to maximize the characteristic temperatures, T(0) and T(1), for operations above room temperature. A T(0) value of 383 K and a T(1) value of 645 K are obtained within a temperature range of 298–373 K. In room temperature continuous wave operation, this design gives a single facet output power of 3 W and a wall plug efficiency of 16% from a device with a cavity length of 5 mm and a ridge width of 8 μm. reprint
 
34.  
Room-temperature continuous wave operation of distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers with watt-level power output
Room-temperature continuous wave operation of distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers with watt-level power output
Q.Y. Lu, Y. Bai, N. Bandyopadhyay, Sl Slivken, and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 97, No. 23, p. 231119-1-- December 6, 2010
We demonstrate surface-grating distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with a watt-level power output at 4.75 μm. A device with a 5 mm cavity length exhibits an output power of 1.1 W in room-temperature cw operation. Single-mode operation with a side mode suppression ratio of 30 dB is obtained in the working temperature of 15–105 °C. A double-lobed far field with negligible beam steering is observed. The significance of this demonstration lies in its simplicity and readiness to be applied to standard QCL wafers with the promise of high-power performances. reprint
 
35.  
Watt level performance of quantum cascade lasers in room temperature continuous wave operation at λ ∼ 3.76 μm
Watt level performance of quantum cascade lasers in room temperature continuous wave operation at λ ∼ 3.76 μm
N. Bandyopadhyay, Y. Bai, B. Gokden, A. Myzaferi, S. Tsao, S. Slivken and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 97, No. 13-- September 27, 2010
An InP-based quantum cascade laser heterostructure emitting at 3.76 μm is grown with gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. The laser core is composed of strain balanced In0.76Ga0.24As/In0.26Al0.74As. Pulsed testing at room temperature exhibits a low threshold current density (1.5 kA/cm²) and high wall plug efficiency (10%). Room temperature continuous wave operation gives 6% wall plug efficiency with a maximum output power of 1.1 W. Continuous wave operation persists up to 95 °C. reprint
 
36.  
Broad area photonic crystal distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers emitting 34 W at λ ~ 4.36 μm
Broad area photonic crystal distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers emitting 34 W at λ ~ 4.36 μm
B. Gokden, Y. Bai, N. Bandyopadhyay, S. Slivken and M. Razeghi
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 97, No. 13, p. 131112-1-- September 27, 2010
We demonstrate room temperature, high power, single mode, and diffraction limited operation of a two dimensional photonic crystal distributed feedback quantum cascade laser emitting at 4.36 μm. Total peak power up to 34 W is observed from a 3 mm long laser with 400 μm cavity width at room temperature. Far-field profiles have M2 figure of merit as low as 2.5. This device represents a significant step toward realization of spatially and spectrally pure broad area high power quantum cascade lasers. reprint
 

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